Tailings management is one of the most serious and sensitive issues in the mining industry. It connects directly to the safety of people, the protection of the environment, and the long-term sustainability of mining operations. Tailings are what remain after valuable minerals are separated from the ore. These leftover materials are usually stored in large containment areas called tailings storage facilities or tailings dams. If these structures fail, the results can be catastrophic—causing loss of life, environmental pollution, and the loss of public trust in mining. Because of this, responsible companies and organizations like the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) have created strong principles and guidance to make sure tailings are managed safely, respectfully, and transparently. ICMM’s “Mining with Principles” framework includes Tailings Management as a key commitment. Its goal is to make sure that all mining companies design, construct, operate, and close tailings storage facilities in a way that protects communities and the environment throughout their entire life cycle. The framework is built around respect—for people, for nature, and for the future. It focuses on continuous improvement, risk management, and learning from past failures. One of its major principles is that safety must never be compromised for profit or convenience. Every tailings dam, no matter its size or location, must be managed to the highest possible standard. The first important part of ICMM’s tailings approach is governance. This means that responsibility for tailings safety starts at the highest level of a company—the board and senior management. ICMM encourages companies to have clear accountability and decision-making systems for tailings facilities. The principle says that tailings risks must be treated with the same seriousness as other major business risks. This ensures that executives are aware of the conditions of every tailings facility and that safety decisions are based on sound engineering and data, not just cost or production pressure. The ICMM also asks companies to use independent reviews, audits, and qualified engineers to check the stability and performance of every facility regularly. Another essential part is risk-based design and operation. Tailings facilities are not all the same. Some are very large, holding hundreds of millions of tonnes of waste; others are small and located in remote areas. The risk level depends on factors such as the height of the dam, the amount of water it contains, the type of materials used for construction, the climate, and the local geology. ICMM recommends that every facility be designed and operated based on a detailed understanding of these risks. For example, in areas with heavy rainfall or earthquakes, engineers must plan for extreme events. They must use conservative safety factors and have clear emergency response plans. ICMM’s principles also require continuous monitoring and the use of new technology. Many companies are now using drones, satellite images, and sensors to monitor tailings dams in real time. This makes it possible to detect early signs of movement, seepage, or pressure changes before they become serious. For example, many modern mines use piezometers—small instruments that measure water pressure inside the dam walls—to monitor how water is behaving. If the pressure increases, it might indicate that the dam is under stress. Early detection allows the company to take quick actions such as lowering water levels or reinforcing the dam wall before any danger develops. Transparency and community engagement are also key elements of ICMM’s tailings management principle. In the past, many communities living near mines were not informed about the risks of tailings dams. When disasters happened, they often had no warning or knowledge about what to do. The ICMM has emphasized that this is not acceptable. Mining companies must be open with local people and regulators about the design, monitoring results, and risk level of each tailings facility. They must also involve the community in emergency planning. This builds trust and ensures that everyone knows how to act in case of an incident. Many ICMM members now publish detailed reports on their tailings facilities, including location, type, construction method, and risk level. One of the strongest outcomes of ICMM’s commitment to tailings safety was the development of the Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM). This standard was launched in 2020 by ICMM together with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI). The GISTM sets a very high bar for safety, requiring zero harm to people and the environment. It includes 15 principles covering the entire life cycle of tailings—from design to closure. Every ICMM member company has committed to implement this standard across all tailings facilities, starting with those that have the highest risk. The implementation deadline for high-risk facilities was August 2023, and for all others by August 2025. The GISTM goes beyond technical rules. It requires a culture of safety and ethics. It says that companies must develop organizational culture where workers, engineers, and managers feel empowered to report concerns without fear. It encourages leadership that listens and learns, not just manages. It also calls for “independent review boards” for high-risk facilities—groups of external experts who can give honest advice and oversight. This is a big step forward compared to the past when many tailings facilities were designed and managed without external supervision. Learning from past disasters is another area where ICMM’s principles play a role. Tragic tailings dam failures in Brazil (Samarco in 2015 and Brumadinho in 2019) and Canada (Mount Polley in 2014) showed what happens when safety, design, and governance fail. These disasters caused deaths, destroyed ecosystems, and left deep scars in communities. They also taught the mining world that safety systems must be proactive, not reactive. ICMM’s work since those events has aimed to make sure that such tragedies never happen again. By applying lessons from those cases—like the importance of dry stacking, proper drainage, and independent oversight—the industry is moving toward safer and more sustainable practices. Dry stacking is one of the modern technologies encouraged by ICMM. Instead of keeping tailings as liquid slurry behind a dam, they are filtered to remove most of the water and then stacked in a dense, dry form. This method reduces the risk of catastrophic failure because there is little or no free water that could cause a collapse. It also makes closure and reclamation easier. However, it requires investment and space, which not all mines have. Still, ICMM and other organizations encourage its adoption whenever practical because it represents a safer and more responsible approach to waste management. Environmental protection during and after mine operation is also part of responsible tailings management. When a mine closes, the tailings facility must be safely sealed, covered, and monitored for many years to ensure that contaminants do not enter rivers, groundwater, or soil. ICMM promotes integrated mine closure planning from the start of the project—not waiting until the end. The goal is to restore the land so it can be safely used again, maybe as a natural habitat, forest, or even for other economic purposes. This long-term view is part of what makes tailings management sustainable. In addition to technical and environmental safety, ICMM recognizes the social aspect of tailings. Communities near mines have the right to live without fear of dam failure or contamination. Respect for human rights, fair communication, and cooperation with local authorities are key. Many ICMM companies are now conducting social impact assessments, public consultations, and transparent risk communication meetings to ensure that people are fully informed and part of the decision-making process. Financial assurance is another element tied to responsible tailings management. The ICMM believes that companies must be financially prepared to maintain and close their facilities properly, even if the mine stops operating. This prevents situations where abandoned sites become public hazards. Governments also have a role in setting and enforcing strong regulations. Cooperation between companies, regulators, and communities creates a safer and more stable system. The ICMM “Mining with Principles” approach transforms tailings from a technical challenge into a moral responsibility. It reminds everyone that safety, transparency, and respect must guide all decisions. The future of mining depends not only on how much metal we produce but on how responsibly we manage what we leave behind. With the application of ICMM’s principles and the Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management, the mining sector is moving toward a culture of zero harm, continuous improvement, and global trust. In simple words, good tailings management means more than just building a strong dam. It means caring for people, respecting the land, and making sure that the mistakes of the past are never repeated. It is about using science, technology, and ethics together. It means that every engineer, operator, and manager has a duty to protect life and nature. When mining companies follow ICMM’s tailings management principles, they show that mining can be both productive and responsible. This is the true meaning of sustainable mining—producing resources that the world needs, while protecting the planet and its people for future generations.

Personal Protective Equipment Saves Lives : Leadership and Safety in Action - SHE Part VI 🚨Every year, approximately 2.3 million women and men worldwide DIE from work-related accidents or illnesses a figure reported by the International Labour Organization (ILO). 🚨This tragically equates to more than 6,300 deaths every single day around the globe. 🚨The ILO further estimates there are over 374 million non-fatal work-related injuries annually, many of which could be prevented through consistent use of PPEs 🚨Studies also show that only about 64% of workers globally use PPE properly, highlighting a critical gap in safety culture and training, especially in developing regions. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is more than just a set of tools; it’s the frontline defense against workplace hazards. From construction to healthcare, PPE protects employees from physical, chemical, and biological risks, ensuring that everyone leaves work as healthy as they arrived. Essential Types & Proper Usage ⛑️ Head Protection: Helmets prevent head injuries from falling objects. 🥽 Eye and Face Protection: Safety glasses and face shields block hazardous particles and chemicals. 🎧 Hearing Protection: Earplugs protect against damaging noise. 😷 Respiratory Protection: Masks and respirators filter out harmful substances. 🧤 Hand Protection: Gloves safeguard against cuts, burns, and exposure. 🥾 Foot Protection: Safety boots reduce risks of impact or punctures 👷‍♂️ Body Protection: Work clothes for body parts and vests protect body parts 🎽 Fall Arrest: Protective vests, belts and hooks protects fall injuries because of working in height Why PPE Matters ✅ Minimizes exposure to hazards, preventing serious workplace injuries and occupational illnesses ✅ Safeguards workers from long-term health risks, such as chemical exposure or hearing damage ✅ Supports business continuity by reducing absenteeism, medical costs, and downtime from accidents Always ensure PPE is well-fitted, undamaged, and used as instructed. Regular usage and awareness Trainings, Safety Walks, Checks and Behavioral Observation Programs are key! Benefits Beyond Safety 👍 Boosts employee confidence and morale, knowing their wellbeing is prioritized 👍 Meets legal and regulatory requirements, avoiding fines and legal complications 👍 Demonstrates a proactive safety culture that values every worker. By prioritizing PPE, companies build a foundation for operational excellence and show real leadership in workplace safety.

Rock bolt is one of the most important safety systems used in underground mining. It is a long steel bar that is inserted into holes drilled in the rock to support the roof and walls of tunnels and mine openings. The main purpose of a rock bolt is to make the rock mass stable and prevent the roof or walls from falling. In underground mining, where workers are always surrounded by heavy rock layers, this support system is essential for protecting human life and keeping the workplace safe. Rock bolts were first used in underground mining around the 1940s, and they quickly became a standard method for rock support because they were much faster and more effective than using wood or steel frames. Today, almost every underground mine in the world uses rock bolts as part of its ground control system. According to international mining data, more than 80% of underground tunnels and excavations use rock bolts for stability and safety. A rock bolt works by anchoring itself into the rock mass and holding together weak layers or cracks. When the rock starts to move or deform due to stress or pressure, the rock bolt resists this movement and keeps the rock in place. The bolts are usually made of steel and installed using mechanical anchors, resin, or cement grouting. The selection depends on rock type, depth, and stress conditions. Measuring the performance of rock bolts is very important for safety monitoring. Engineers measure the load, stress, and deformation of each bolt using special sensors or strain gauges. Deformation is the small amount of stretching or bending that happens when the rock moves. If the deformation becomes too high, it means the rock bolt is reaching its limit and may fail, so it needs to be replaced or reinforced. During installation, miners must follow strict QHSE (Quality, Health, Safety, and Environment) procedures. Workers must wear helmets, gloves, and eye protection because drilling and inserting bolts can release dust, small rock pieces, and noise. Bolts must be installed at the correct angle and depth, using safe drilling machines. Before starting, the roof must be checked for cracks or loose rocks. If we do not follow these steps, the rock could fall and cause serious injury or death. Rock bolts help save us because they hold the rock layers tightly, preventing sudden collapses or rock falls that can trap workers. In recent years, technology has brought a big improvement: smart rock bolts. These are modern types of bolts that include sensors and wireless transmitters. They can detect stress, vibration, or deformation in real time and send safety warnings to the control room or directly to workers’ handheld devices. When the rock begins to move dangerously, the smart rock bolt sends a signal or message, giving early warning before a collapse happens. This allows miners to evacuate or take action immediately. Smart rock bolts use wireless communication and sometimes low-power Bluetooth or radio signals to transmit data. Some systems also connect to cloud platforms where engineers can monitor many bolts at once. The sensors measure tension, strain, and temperature changes, and the data is automatically recorded for safety reports. These systems are a big step forward for QHSE management because they reduce the need for manual inspection and give continuous, real-time monitoring of underground conditions. In conclusion, rock bolts are the backbone of underground mine safety. From the first use in the 1940s to today’s smart wireless bolts, they continue to protect workers and maintain the stability of mine tunnels. They help reduce accidents, support heavy rock layers, and create a safer working environment. As technology advances, smart rock bolts will play an even bigger role in ensuring that underground mining remains safe, efficient, and well controlled.

The academic paper “Metalliferous Mine Dust: Human Health Impacts and the Potential Determinants of Disease in Mining Communities” explains how dust produced in metal mining areas can seriously affect human health. This dust often contains heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, and nickel. When miners breathe in this dust, very small particles go deep into their lungs and can enter the bloodstream. Over time, these metals can cause serious health problems like lung disease, cancer, heart and kidney problems, or damage to the nervous system. For HSE and QHSE professionals, this study clearly shows that miners need strong protection. It is not enough to only improve ventilation or use water to control dust. Workers must also use personal wearable protection to stay safe. This includes respirators or masks (like N95, P100, or powered air-purifying respirators) that block fine dust and toxic metal particles. Protective suits, gloves, and sealed goggles stop the metals from touching the skin or eyes. Smart wearables such as dust-monitoring badges, gas detectors, or helmets with built-in sensors can help workers and supervisors see when air quality becomes dangerous. These devices give real-time information and make it easier to prevent exposure before harm occurs. If miners do not use these wearable protections, the results can be very harmful. Dust with heavy metals can slowly damage their lungs and other organs. Continuous exposure may lead to chronic diseases, breathing problems, and in severe cases, death. Without smart wearable devices, workers may not even notice the danger in the air around them until it is too late. The message from the paper is clear: metalliferous mine dust is a silent but serious threat, and wearing the right protection saves lives. In HSE and QHSE work, promoting the correct use of masks, wearables, and protective equipment is not only a rule—it is a responsibility to protect every worker underground.

The paper by T. J. Bauerle – “Mineworker Fatigue: A Review of What We Know and Future Directions” gives a focused look at how fatigue affects workers in the mining industry. It explains that fatigue is not just about feeling tired – it is a measurable condition that can be tracked through self-reports, sleep diaries, and technologies like actigraphy that monitor rest and activity levels. The review shows that fatigue is highly common in mining because of factors such as shift work, long working hours, irregular schedules, poor lighting, noise, heat, and underground conditions with limited natural time cues. These factors disturb natural sleep patterns and recovery, leaving workers physically and mentally exhausted. From a QHSE perspective, this is critical because fatigue directly impacts attention, reaction time, and decision-making, leading to higher risks of injuries, machinery accidents, and environmental incidents. The paper highlights that fatigue is a systemic issue, not only an individual one, meaning companies need strong management strategies such as better scheduling, fatigue monitoring, training, and rest policies. Finally, the review points out that more research is needed on long-term health effects, the role of culture and leadership in managing fatigue, and practical interventions that balance production demands with worker safety. For mining, this means treating fatigue the same way we treat other hazards—as a safety risk that must be identified, measured, and controlled within QHSE systems. Source: https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/55670

OSHA provides a comprehensive framework of exposure limits, design standards, and operational guidelines to minimize risk in workplaces across industries. From permissible noise levels (90 dB(A) over 8 hrs), to chemical exposure limits (e.g., Silica – 50 µg/m³ TWA), and safe oxygen ranges (19.5%–23.5%), these limits are non-negotiable foundations of workplace safety. 📊 Adhering to OSHA's safety parameters ensures: ✔️ Reduced occupational health risks ✔️ Legal compliance and audit readiness ✔️ Safer, more productive work environments

🛑 Safety Risks in Mining: A Challenge We Can't Ignore 👷‍♂️⛏️ Mining is one of the most critical industries for modern life — from powering our homes to building our infrastructure. But it also comes with serious safety risks that demand constant attention and action. ✅ Common Safety Risks: Landslides and ground collapse Explosions from gases or blasting Heavy machinery accidents Exposure to toxic gases or dust Falling objects and equipment failure These incidents not only cause injuries or loss of life but can halt operations and damage a company’s reputation. 🔍 Why Is It a Challenge? Mining environments are harsh, deep, and dynamic. A small mistake can lead to a major accident. That’s why worker safety isn’t optional — it’s essential. 🛡️ How Do We Prevent These Risks? ✅ Strong safety culture from top to bottom ✅ Regular safety training for all site staff ✅ Use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) ✅ Real-time monitoring of gases and ground movement ✅ Preventive maintenance of equipment ✅ Emergency response plans and regular drills ✅ Following international safety standards (e.g., ISO 45001, MSHA, OSHA) 💡 Final Thought: “In mining, safety isn’t just a procedure — it’s a promise.” By focusing on prevention and training, we can protect lives and keep the industry running strong. #MiningSafety #QualityEngineering #HSE #RiskManagement #WorkplaceSafety #MiningIndustry #ISO45001 #EngineerLife

Las situaciones que pueden comprometer la integridad física de las personas, pueden suceder en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugar. La primera intervención realizada para atender estas situaciones, pueden influir de manera decisiva en mejorar la situación de la persona o personas afectadas Los primeros auxilios son un conjunto de medidas iniciales que se aplican ante una enfermedad o lesión, antes de la llegada de servicios médicos profesionales. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) subraya que la formación en primeros auxilios no solo salva vidas, sino que también contribuye a reducir el número de incapacidades y discapacidades permanentes en el lugar de trabajo Por esto es necesario que la ciudadanía en general y las empresas conozcan cómo actuar en las situaciones de urgencias más frecuentes y además sepa contactar con los servicios de emergencias Por lo que la correcta aplicación de primeros auxilios puede ser crucial en situaciones de emergencia, sin embargo muchas empresas no se encuentran preparadas para responder adecuadamente. Esta falta de preparación no solo pone en riesgo la salud de los empleados, sino que también puede acarrear implicaciones legales para la empresa. Al respecto adjunto la “Guía de Primeros Auxilios” de Empresas Públicas de Emergencias Sanitarias de España 🇪🇸 Con el objetivo de trasladar conocimientos, de una manera sencilla, haciendo una descripción de las situaciones más frecuentes que se puede encontrar cualquier persona y destacando qué medidas se deben realizar y cuáles no deben hacerse, ya que podrían empeorar la situación. Incluye cómo se debe actuar en situaciones en las que nos podemos ver inmersos como las que ocurren en un entorno inseguro, provocadas por grupos violentos activos. Por lo que la importancia de los primeros auxilios en las empresas es indiscutible. La formación en esta área no solo salva vidas, sino que también reduce los costos asociados a accidentes, promueve una cultura de seguridad y asegura el cumplimiento de la legislación vigente. A medida que las empresas continúan enfrentando desafíos en materia de seguridad y salud, invertir en la capacitación en primeros auxilios debe ser una prioridad estratégica. Al hacerlo, no solo están protegiendo a sus empleados, sino que también están invirtiendo en su propio futuro. Buena lectura !!! Source : Percy Raul Mesias Urday

Indicadores de evaluación de Salud, Seguridad y Medio Ambiente.

Here are the main reasons: ⚠️Distraction– Using a phone takes the operator’s attention away from the task, increasing the risk of accidents. ⚠️Delayed Reaction Time – Even a momentary distraction can result in slower response times, which is critical when operating large, powerful machines. ⚠️Loss of Situational Awareness– Heavy equipment requires full focus to monitor surroundings, obstacles, and other workers. A phone can cause an operator to miss important visual or auditory cues. ⚠️Risk of Equipment Damage– A distracted operator may mishandle controls, leading to costly damage to machinery or materials. ⚠️Endangerment of Workers – A moment of inattention can put coworkers at risk of serious injury or death. ⚠️Violation of Safety Regulations– Many workplaces and regulatory bodies strictly prohibit phone use to maintain safety standards. ⚠️Potential for Equipment Malfunction – In some cases, electronic devices may interfere with the operation of certain machinery. Because of these risks, many mining and construction sites enforce strict no-phone policies while operating heavy equipment. Mining keep safety first.

Indicadores de desempeño Gestión Ambiental

Main Reasons For An Industrial Accident includes these factors: 1. Human Error – Lack of training, fatigue, negligence or misjudgment by workers. 2. Poor Safety Measures – Inadequate safety protocols, lack of protective gear or failure to follow standard operating procedures. 3. Equipment Failure – Malfunctioning machinery, lack of maintenance or outdated technology. 4. Unsafe Working Conditions – Slippery floors, poor lighting, excessive noise or exposure to hazardous substances. 5. Lack of Supervision – Weak enforcement of safety regulations, poor management oversight or non - compliance with safety laws. 6. Fire and Explosions – Flammable materials, electrical faults or improper handling of chemicals. 7. Mechanical Impact – Falling objects, crushing hazards or entanglement with moving parts. 8. Chemical Hazards – Toxic gas leaks, improper storage of chemicals or accidental mixing of incompatible substances. 9. Electrical Issues – Short circuits, exposed wires or improper grounding. 10. Workplace Stress and Fatigue – Overworking employees, leading to exhaustion and reduced concentration. 11. Improper Waste Disposal – Unsafe handling or disposal of industrial waste, leading to environmental contamination and health hazards. 12. Unauthorised Access to Hazardous Zones – Contracted workers or untrained personnel entering restricted hazardous areas, increasing the risk of accidents. Prevention requires strict safety regulations, regular training, proper equipment maintenance, responsible waste management and controlled access to dangerous areas.

Dans un contexte où la légitimité sociale et la performance durable deviennent des piliers incontournables de la réussite, la norme IRMA – Initiative pour une exploitation minière responsable – émerge comme une référence incontournable pour les acteurs du secteur. Conçue en collaboration avec des représentants de l’industrie, de la société civile, des communautés et des investisseurs, elle offre un cadre d’évaluation crédible, pragmatique et transparent, couvrant tous les aspects clés de l’activité minière : gouvernance, environnement, droits des travailleurs, relations communautaires et plus encore. Pour les entreprises minières, IRMA n’est pas seulement une exigence croissante du marché, c’est une opportunité stratégique de valoriser leurs engagements, de renforcer la confiance des parties prenantes et de se positionner comme leaders d’un avenir minier plus responsable. Source: www.responsiblemining.net

Las operaciones de izaje requieren un alto nivel de seguridad. Un error en la selección del equipo o en la ejecución puede generar accidentes graves. Esta guía detalla normativas, tipos de eslingas, tablas de carga y mejores prácticas para un izaje seguro. ✅ 𝑰𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒚𝒆: ✔️ Normas y regulaciones internacionales. ✔️ Inspección y mantenimiento de equipos. ✔️ Factores de seguridad y cálculos de carga. Source: Martin Gamarra Estupiñan

✅L’employeur est responsable de la santé et de la sécurité des salariés sur les chantiers. 📚Le Code du travail l’oblige à mettre en œuvre des moyens particuliers pour prévenir les risques identifiés (Code du travail, art. L. 4121-1). Or pendant les mois Ramadan et Carême, le salarié est soumis à des risques supplémentaires pour sa santé, notamment à cause de la déshydratation. Il ne faut pas négliger également les risques liés à la sécurité, le Ramadan étant une période de jeûne où les personnes dorment peu. Or la fatigue entraîne des baisses de vigilance. Il est donc nécessaire d’informer les salariés des règles minimales à respecter pour assurer leur propre santé et sécurité : Respecter une hygiène de vie adaptée aux exigences du poste de travail, par exemple les heures de sommeil pour assurer la concentration des conducteurs d’engins ; 🌿Boire beaucoup d’eau juste avant la levée du jour et consommer des sucres lents (pâtes, riz, céréales, etc.) ; Se reposer pendant les pauses dans un lieu calme et frais. Une des difficultés réside dans le fait que le suivi du Ramadan est un choix privé du salarié et qu’il n’a aucune obligation d’en informer l’employeur. 🛑Mais le salarié ne peut se prévaloir du suivi d’un jeûne pour justifier des erreurs ou le non-respect des cadences habituelles de travail. Sachant que l’employeur peut valablement le sanctionner, le salarié a donc tout intérêt à échanger en amont avec lui de la meilleure façon de concilier le jeûne et son travail. ✅Réaliser une communication générale sur la problématique du travail sous la chaleur, incluant les difficultés spécifiques du Ramadan, peut conduire les salariés concernés à venir d’eux-mêmes échanger avec l’employeur. Cela sera l’occasion de réfléchir ensemble à d’éventuelles adaptations de leurs conditions de travail. ✅Adapter les conditions de travail sur chantier pendant le Ramadan Plusieurs possibilités existent afin de limiter au maximum la pénibilité accrue du travail pour les salariés réalisant le Ramadan. ✅Leurs mises en œuvre dépendent de la nature du chantier, du poste du salarié, du lieu d’exécution ou du nombre de salariés présents. Une pratique habituelle correspond à réaffecter les salariés sur des postes moins exposés aux risques. 🌿L’organisation du travail sur le chantier doit aussi être pensée de façon à éviter que le salarié soit isolé. La présence en permanence d’un collègue assure une réaction rapide en cas de survenance d’un accident ou d’un malaise du salarié. ✅Enfin, décaler les heures de travail reste une bonne pratique si elle est possible. On peut ainsi prévoir de commencer la journée de travail plus tôt pour limiter les impacts de la chaleur. 🪢Cela nécessite de vérifier l’accessibilité du chantier à ces horaires, l’organisation avec les autres. Des désaccords peuvent intervenir entre les salariés suivant ou non le Ramadan. C’est alors à l’employeur qu’il incombe de trancher et de fixer les horaires de travail. Ne forcer aucune situation⛑️👌❗