In blasting operations, the effective use of explosive energy is crucial for achieving optimal fragmentation, which directly impacts the productivity of downstream processes (Taiwo et al., 2023). The detonation of explosives generates immense energy that is transferred to the rock mass, initiating a series of fracturing stages that culminate in fragmentation. Let's discuss the Stages of rock Fracturing during Blasting Micro-Fracturing Stage Upon detonation, the explosive generates a shockwave that travels through the rock. This high-energy wave causes localized stress concentrations at the grain boundaries and natural fractures in the rock, resulting in micro-cracks. These micro-fractures weaken the rock structure, setting the stage for further breakage. Radial Fracture Propagation Stage Following the initial micro-fracturing, the expanding shockwave generates radial fractures around the blast hole. These fractures radiate outward as the explosive energy is released, creating larger cracks that separate the rock into sizable fragments. The degree of radial fracturing depends on the rock properties, explosive type, and detonation velocity. Gas Expansion Stage After the shockwave dissipates, the high-pressure gases from the detonation expand into the newly formed fractures. This expansion exerts a sustained force on the rock, further breaking it into smaller fragments. The gas expansion phase is critical in controlling the size of the resulting particles and ensuring uniform fragmentation. Continuous Improvement for Productivity Through Good Fragmentation Good fragmentation reduces the energy and cost required for subsequent crushing and grinding processes (Taiwo, 2022). Continuous improvement in blast designs can help achieve consistent and desirable fragmentation. Let learn SMART blast continuous improvement approach: Monitoring and Analysis: begin with regular assessment of blast results using tools like hashtag#WipFrag to identify areas for improvement. After each blast optimizing Explosive Use if need be: Matching the type and amount of explosives to the rock properties and desired fragmentation size. From the review, adjust Blast Parameters: Refining controllable factors such as burden, spacing, and timing to ensure effective energy distribution. Integrating Advanced Technology: Employing drones, image analysis software, and real-time monitoring systems to collect and analyze blast data for informed decision-making. By focusing on continuous improvement, mining operations can enhance their productivity, reduce operational costs, and achieve safer and more environmentally friendly practices. Through effective use of explosive energy and careful control of the fracturing process, the goal of optimal fragmentation becomes both attainable and sustainable. What is your view about rock property effect on Fragmentation? wipware.com