When dealing with post-blast scenarios, it's crucial to be aware of the potential dangers from the blast fumes generate. Here's a breakdown of the key components: - **Carbon Monoxide (CO):** A silent threat, this colorless, odorless gas can lead to severe symptoms like headaches, dizziness, and in extreme cases, unconsciousness or even death. Particularly hazardous in underground settings. - **Nitrous Oxides (NOX):** Sporting a reddish-brown hue, these compounds can trigger irritation and discomfort. Even small doses inhaled amidst blasting activities can prove fatal. - **Carbon Dioxide (CO2):** This odorless byproduct arises from burning carbon and organic substances, as well as respiration. Explosives inevitably generate CO and CO2, especially those containing organic carbon. - **Ammonia (NH3):** With its pungent smell, ammonia has the potential to irritate the skin, eyes, nose, throat, and lungs upon exposure. - The explosive's "oxygen balance" plays a pivotal role in determining the nature and volume of fumes produced. While an oxygen surplus typically yields nitrogen oxides, an oxygen deficit can result in the formation of toxic carbon monoxide. - Improperly primed explosives, water-damaged charges, or those below the critical diameter threshold can also give rise to toxic fumes. - Post-blast safety tip: Always allow ample time for fumes to dissipate before inspecting the area after blasting. Remember, each kilogram of explosives translates to a staggering 1000 liters of potentially hazardous fumes. Stay vigilant and prioritize safety in every blasting operation. 👍 Pic: Example Post Blast fumes in Underground and Open Pit Mining