Blasting is one of the most critical operations in both surface and underground mining. It involves the use of controlled explosions to fragment rock masses, allowing for efficient excavation and material handling. The goal is to achieve optimal fragmentation while ensuring safety, minimizing environmental impact, and reducing operational costs. Modern blasting techniques rely on careful planning, including blast design, burden and spacing determination, and timing control. Factors such as rock type, density, and geological structure influence the choice of explosive type and initiation sequence. In recent years, computer-aided design tools and electronic detonators have significantly improved precision and reduced flyrock, vibration, and airblast effects. Sustainable blasting now emphasizes not just productivity but also environmental stewardship and community safety. Blasting remains an essential component of mine productivity balancing energy, precision, and safety to achieve efficient rock breakage.